Écho des études romanes, 2021 (vol. 17), issue 1

IntroductionFrench

Jean-Pierre Goudaillier, Radka Mudrochová

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):5-6  

Introduction au numéro thématique « De la caboche aux arpions en passant par les guiboles ». Comment désigne-t-on les différentes parties du corps compte tenu des variations de la langue ?

Les mots de la tête. Les lexèmes désignant la tête en langue populaire/argotique du XIX^e siècleFrench

Words meaning the head. Lexemes designating the head in 19th-century popular/slang language

Jean-Pierre Goudaillier

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):59-70 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.005  

The lexemes cafetière, fiole and Sorbonne have one thing in common: they all designate the head in popular language and / or in slang. By the shift of meaning, there are many terms used with a non-standard linguistic value and they constitute an important lexical stock for the "head" paradigm. The Dictionary of Slang by Jean-Paul COLIN & Jean-Pierre MÉVEL, contains 64 slang terms to designate the head in the 20th century. 32 / 64 lexemes have been selected for this work analysis. 17 glossaries and dictionaries published between 1827 and 1907 were selected because they include ,among their entries, one or more of the 32...

Quelles dénominations pour « les yeux » en français substandard ? – Un point de vue lexicographiqueFrench

What names for "the eyes" in substandard French? - a lexicographic point of view

Radka Mudrochová, Dagmar Koláříková

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):71-82 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.006  

The paper aims to examine the forms of the substandard devolved to the “eye” or the “eyes”. First, by referring to the directory of synonyms published by L'Argot with Bob (Bob), an online dictionary of French argot and popular and familiar speech, then from the point of view of their presence or absence in dictionaries of argot as well as in dictionaries of general language chosen for our analysis. Their presence in dictionary sources mentioned above and the language level mark assigned to them by general language dictionaries is checked to see if there are differences from one dictionary to another. To be able to answer the...

À vue de nez et czuć pismo nosem. Le nez : un organe polyvalent dans les lexiques français et polonaisFrench

À vue de nez and czuć pismo nosem. The nose: a polyvalent organ in French and Polish dictionaries

Anna Bochnakowa

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):83-90 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.007  

This paper proposes to review the funcionning of the words nez / nos respectively in French and in Polish. It envisages the presentation of the semantic and diastratic aspects of these words which are characterized by a large number of uses and abundant phraseology in both languages. The general and specialized dictionaries (phraseology, slang) of French and Polish are a source of comments. From the meanings in the standard vocabulary to the slang uses, this paper highlights their peculiarities: parallels and divergences in the functioning in the figurative sense and within idiomatic expressions. The creativity of French and Polish speakers concerning...

Les mots du corps : les cheveuxFrench

Words about the body: the hair

Alicja Kacprzak

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):91-102 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.008  

Given the special importance of hair as a part of the human body, our article first presents a brief reflection on how the word hair is defined in different dictionaries. We also tackle the question of its syntagmatic combinations, including the freezes in which it appears. The semantics of this lexeme is analyzed from the point of view of its polysemy, testifying to the cognitive importance of the concept itself, then of synonymy. This last approach leads us to note the existence of diastratic equivalents of the word hair (x), falling under different non-standard variants.

L’argotier est-il un invertébré ? Y a peu d’os dans l’argotFrench

Is the slang speaker an invertebrate? There are few bones in slang

Jean-François Sablayrolles

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):7-18 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.001  

Names of bones seem to be used rarely in French slang, contrary to other parts of the body. Four French sources (two slang dictionaries and two academic studies of slang) were examined and the words denoting body parts extracted, confirming that names of bones are indeed hardly ever mentioned. It turns out that the inner body parts in general, and not just bones, are rarely used for slang, unless they have some visible external manifestation. Those bone names that are found in slang are sometimes scientific words, presumably used for expressive purposes.

Acouplettes, boudine, margoulette et autres unités régionales pour brosser le portrait physique et stigmatiser autrui à l’ardennaiseFrench

Acouplettes, boudine, margoulette and other regional expressions used to paint a physical portrait and stigmatise other persons in the Ardennes regiolect

Tatiana Retinskaya

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):19-27 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.002  

This article focuses on the study of regional lexical funds that relate to the human body. It is devoted especially to the analysis of the paradigmatic and syntagmatic links of Ardennisms aimed at designating physical peculiarities, including bodily disability. The body of examples, consisting of written documents and oral statements gathered by means of field studies, reflects an obviously fruitful ability of the regiolectophone. It will allow us to examine the names of the external and internal parts of the body used by the speakers, such as parts of the head, physique, birth defects, habits and those used in situations related to the need to describe...

Le lexique somatique dans l’argot et le langage familier bulgaresFrench

The somatic vocabulary in Bulgarian slang and colloquial language

Gueorgui Armianov

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):29-40 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.003  

The article analyses the Bulgarian slang vocabulary relating to parts of the human body by comparing it to standard language and colloquial speech and outlining its historical development and current state. Two parallel processes are interpreted in the study: the use of names and expressions of everyday objects to denote parts of the human body and, at the same time, the use of standard, dialectal or colloquial somatic terms to designate physical characteristics or typical personality traits of people. The main semantic processes for creating slang terms, such as metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, enantiosemy, and semantic derivation, are also discussed....

Le champ lexical des parties du corps dans l’argot commun des jeunes HongroisFrench

The lexical field of body parts in Hungarian youth slang

Máté Kovács

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):41-57 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.004  

This paper concerns the analysis of the lexical field of body parts in Hungarian youth slang. Dávid Szabó’s doctoral thesis entitled L’argot des étudiants budapestois (The youth slang of Budapest), published in 2004, which contains in appendix a Hungarian-French bilingual dictionary of youth slang was taken as a point of departure for our own research. On the basis of Szabó’s research and dictionary, our online questionnaire study had two main objectives: 1) to verify the frequency of use of words related to the lexical field of five body parts (mouth, legs, bottom, female and male genital organs) present in Szabó’s...

Parler de foutre : la désignation des parties du corps dans les fabliaux médiévauxFrench

Parler de foutre : the designation of the body parts in medieval fabliaux

Ondřej Pešek

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):103-116 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.009  

The aim of the study is to analyze the processes of naming the body parts in medieval French fabliaux. The analysis is based on a lexicometric research carried out by the TXM software; the corpus of the fabliaux having been digitalized. The data obtained are interpreted in relation to the philological specificities of the analyzed corpus.

La poésie de Robert Desnos, « jusqu’aux ribouis, jusqu’au battant, jusqu’aux engonces » : considérations littéraire et argotologiqueFrench

The poetry of Robert Desnos, "jusqu'aux ribouis, jusqu'au battant, jusqu'aux engonces" : literary and argotological observations

Anne Gensane Lesiewicz

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):117-128 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.010  

Our research project is multiple. On the one hand, we intend to study the relationship with the body maintained by the surrealist poet Robert Desnos (the body being a privileged poetic tool), how his societal and artistic vision of the body influences his writing and, therefore, where the body is assigned. However, and on the other hand, we will combine this questioning with a linguistic question; If slang readily accepts what hinders decorum, it says the body (what could be more real?) with ease and a popular accent. We are therefore interested in the connection of slang language and poetic language at the junction that the body can...

L’évolution des termes et expressions désignant les testicules, des Valseuses de Bertrand Blier (1972-74) à nos joursFrench

The evolution of terms and expressions referring to testicles, from Bertrand Blier's Valseuses (1972-74) to the present day

Laurent Canal

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):129-139 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.011  

This article offers a comparison between the terms designating the testicles in Bertrand Blier's work Les Valseuses (the novel, the film and the film trailer) from the early 1970s, and the last ones listed in various recent dictionaries, paper and online. These synonyms, attested in writing (for an approximate dating of their use), follow variations: diaphasic, diatopic and diachronic; have functions: playful and bypassing taboo; and one, or even several common semantic matrices. Their frequency in writing in a contemporary web corpus, can allow us to distinguish the terms “aged” (or obsolete) from those which are “classic”...

Les mots du corps dans le langage de Georges Brassens

Words about the body in the language of Georges Brassens

Dávid Szabó

Écho des études romanes 2021, 17(1):141-151 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2021.012  

The paper deals with the way French poet, songwriter and singer Georges Brassens (1921-1981) speaks about the human body. The analysis of stylistic variation in his works has been based on the classification of two dictionaries: Garitte’s Mais où sont les mots d'antan? (2017) and Le Petit Robert 2018, and on a questionnaire survey carried out on the Internet among 99 native speakers of French. According to this study the relevant vocabulary consists of approximately two thirds of nonstandard (colloquial, slang etc.) and one third of standard (formal, literary) items. The last category (littéraire in French) seems particularly...