Écho des études romanes, 2015 (vol. 11), issue 1

Les normes dans leur diversité. Quelle pertinence ?French

Standards in all their diversity. What is their relevance?

Colette FEUILLARD

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):7-33 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.001  

The concept of norm is particularly ambiguous in French. It can refer to official, objective, subjective, regional, popular standards, etc. Therefore the objective of this paper is to determine if these different standards have almost the same status and the same functioning or if it would be better to apply this notion only to the official language by providing it with a relevant scientific value.

Variation, style et norme : héritage pragois et élaborations ultérieuresFrench

Variation, style and norm: Prague's heritage and later development

Sándor KISS

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):35-43 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.002  

The approach to "norm" is attempted here within the frame of linguistic variation and in connection with stylistic phenomena resulting from the connotative meaning of signs. The language speakers, through their choices among offered possibilities, intuitively create linguistic standards. In a period of normalization, one of the standards is preferred and becomes decisive in usage. Linguists of the Prague School have already founded the theory of norms, and sought consciously to lay out the prerequisites for the efficiency of linguistic communication in the modern world.

Quand Il est fort en thème : entre double marquage et anaphore zéroFrench

When He is the topic: between double marking and zero anaphora

Guy ACHARD-BAYLE

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):45-58 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.003  

This paper deals with a “strange case of topicalization” in the poem Idylle Moderne by Alphonse Allais. On the one hand we can find, at the very beginning of the text, an accentuated form of the “pronoun”, that is to say a nominal substitute; on the other hand, it seems that the comma of the first line has disappeared, while it is maintained in the latter. Between a “false” double-marking and a zero anaphora, we try to describe the syntactical and the informational organization of the first sentences in terms of a hybrid form of operation, where (and when) a topic plays a focal part too.

Écart entre la norme et l’usage : le cas du finnoisFrench

Gap between norm and usage: the case of Finnish

Jukka HAVU

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):59-73 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.004  

Finland was a Swedish province from the 13th century until 1809, when it was annexed by the Russian Empire as an autonomous Grand Duchy. In spite of the annexation, the country preserved its administrative and legislative institutions. In connection to the new situation, it became necessary to codify the Finnish language, which from 1809 was the mother tongue of 85% of the population. The sources for the codification process were several: old literary language, different regional dialects, borrowed foreign words, etc. The result was a supradialectal norm, not spoken by anybody spontaneously but accepted by all. One of the consequences of this is a...

Vers une standardisation de l’arabe marocain ?French

Towards standardization of Moroccan Arabic?

Nizha CHATAR-MOUMNI

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):75-91 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.005  

The contribution deals with a specific mix of languages, especially a mix of Modern Classical Arabic (fuṣḥā) and Moroccan Arabic (dariža) as it is practiced in Moroccan audio-visual media. First, the terms of fuṣḥā and dariža are presented within the Arabic language typology and they are contextualized in the Moroccan sociolinguistic landscape. Then, we discuss these 'mixed-styles' (Mejdell 2006) on a corpus put together from programs broadcast on Moroccan TV channels. We focus on the formal and syntactic characteristics of this language practice, in particular on the tense-aspect-mood markers. The question is how...

Le latin de Thomas d’Aquin et l’intellectualisation de Havránek. Entre lexicographie computationnelle et histoire des idées sémiotiquesFrench

Thomas Aquinas's Latin and Havránek's intellectualization. Between computational lexicography and the history of semiotic ideas

Savina RAYNAUD, Marco PASSAROTTI

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):93-109 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.006  

The paper aims to evaluate the semantic - terminological effect on the use of the Latin lexicon that are shaped by a particular author, given the complete documentation of the occurrences of his lemmata (Index Thomisticus), further supplied by on-going syntactic annotation, but nevertheless requiring proper, theoretically well-founded semantic analysis and lexicographic production. We propose linking the rich theoretical tradition which has produced the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and the correlated Tectogrammatical Annotation (TGA) to the objectives of the Bicultural Thomistic Lexicon (LTB). To do this, we will examine and discuss Havránek's...

L’adaptation phonologique des emprunts : le cas des gallicismes gastronomiques en tchèqueFrench

Phonological adaptation of loanwords: the case of French gastronomy terms in Czech

Tomáš DUBĚDA

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):111-124 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.007  

We analyse the phonological processes underlying the adaptation of French gastronomic terms into Czech. After setting out a paradigm of adaptation processes, we describe an empirical survey in which a group of 28 informants from four different social groups were asked to read sentences containing 30 orthographically non-adapted gastronomic terms. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The studied items exhibit a very high phonological variability, which represents a consequence of their peripheral status in the lexical system. (2) The conceptual knowledge of a term increases the chance that its phonological realisation will be closer to the reference...

Codification de la terminologie juridique dans les définitions légalesFrench

Codification of legal terminology in statutory definitions

Ivo PETRŮ

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):125-135 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.008  

This study examines the interaction between the language and law in the drafting of legal norms. More specifically, it deals with the codification of legal terms in legal definitions, exploring the processes used by a legislator in their creative work. After a brief reminder of the Linguistic-Circle-of-Prague theory concerning the subject, this study proposes a certain typology of legal definitions and focuses on the linguistic analysis of specific examples. These are taken from the New Czech Civil Code, which came into force in 2014.

Valenza e insegnamento della lingua stranieraItalian

Valency and second language teaching

Ignazio Mauro MIRTO

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):137-145 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.009  

This work deals with valency, a key syntactic notion whose chemistry-inspired label was established by Lucien Tesnière (1959), one of the most well-known contributors to the Prague Linguistic Circle. We will concentrate on two questions: (a) to what extent does valency play a role in Second Language Learning (SLL)?; and (b) what role should the use of valency play in language teaching practices? This paper will provide answers to these questions and propose reasons for motivating the use of valency in SLL.

L’élégance langagière du hérisson. Le respect de la norme comme révolte dans L’Élégance du hérisson de Muriel BarberyFrench

The elegance of the hedgehog's language. Respect for the norm as revolt in Muriel Barbery's novel The Elegance of the Hedgehog

Franciska SKUTTA

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):147-159 | DOI: 10.32725/eer.2015.010  

The paper, a case study in modern French usage and style, deals with the question of the linguistic norm in Muriel Barbery's novel, The Elegance of the Hedgehog (2006). The point is to show how the self-educated main character, Renée Michel, concierge in an elegant Parisian block of flats, refutes the stereotyped image of her social position through her immense culture and her refined usage of French. The study gives a detailed survey of lexical and grammatical forms of usage in various registers of speech in Renée's linguistic performance and concludes with the idea that Renée's deep respect for the norms of standard French is a special form...

Hommage au professeur Jan Šabršula (1918-2015)French

Zuzana HONOVÁ

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):161-163  

Bibliographie des travaux de Jan Šabršula (1952-2007)French

Jitka SMIČEKOVÁ, Pavlína ŽÍDKOVÁ

Écho des études romanes 2015, 11(1):164-190